Total Knee Replacement Surgery (Cemented)

Specialist surgical care for knee arthritis and joint deterioration in Melbourne and Albury

Knee arthritis is a common cause of joint pain and stiffness that can gradually limit your ability to walk, stay active, or enjoy everyday life. When these symptoms become more advanced and no longer respond to non-surgical treatments such as physiotherapy, medication, or injections, total knee replacement surgery may be recommended. This procedure involves replacing the damaged joint surfaces with artificial components to reduce pain and improve movement.

Dr Jason Hockings is an experienced orthopaedic surgeon who uses advanced, patient-specific surgical techniques to restore more natural knee motion and long-term joint function. His approach is tailored to your individual anatomy and lifestyle, with a strong focus on achieving lasting relief and helping you return to the activities that matter most to you.

On this page, you’ll find clear and detailed information about when surgery may be appropriate, the surgical techniques and implants Dr Hockings uses, what to expect during your hospital stay and recovery, potential risks, costs, and frequently asked questions. Whether you’re exploring your options or seeking a second opinion, this guide is designed to help you feel informed and confident about your next steps.

Could total knee replacement surgery help you move more freely?

Many people live with knee pain for years, not realising that surgical treatment may be an option. If you’re finding it difficult to walk, stand for long periods, climb stairs, or do the things you enjoy despite trying physiotherapy, medications, or other non-surgical treatments, it may be time to consider whether total knee replacement could help.

This procedure is most often recommended when:

Knee pain is constant or flares up with simple movement
Your knee feels stiff or unstable, especially after rest
Daily activities like shopping, working, or sleeping are disrupted by knee symptoms
You’ve exhausted non-surgical options with limited or temporary relief
X-rays or scans show significant joint damage or bone-on-bone arthritis

Knee problems can gradually chip away at your independence and activity levels. If you’ve noticed a decline in your mobility, or you’re relying more heavily on walking aids or pain medication, it may be worth exploring surgical options.

Dr Jason Hockings will guide you through this decision carefully. He’ll take into account your lifestyle, activity goals, imaging results, and overall health before recommending any procedure. Total knee replacement is not for everyone, but for the right person, it may offer lasting pain relief and a meaningful return to movement.

What are the benefits of total knee replacement surgery?

Total knee replacement surgery is designed to replace the damaged surfaces of your knee joint with smooth, artificial components. For individuals with advanced knee arthritis or injury, this procedure may offer several functional improvements:

Reduced pain: Most patients experience significant relief from the persistent knee pain associated with osteoarthritis or joint damage.
Improved movement: A well-aligned and stable joint can help restore a smoother walking pattern and more natural movement.
Better joint function: The goal of surgery is to improve your ability to bend, straighten, and bear weight on the knee.
Improved sleep and daily comfort: Reduced night-time pain and stiffness can lead to better rest and less discomfort throughout the day.
Increased independence: Many people find they can return to activities like walking, driving, or light exercise that had become difficult.

It’s important to note that outcomes vary depending on factors such as overall health, pre-surgery joint condition, and post-operative rehabilitation. Not every patient will regain full function, but for many, knee replacement may offer a meaningful improvement in quality of life.

When is total knee replacement surgery recommended?

Signs your knee arthritis may no longer respond to non-surgical care

Total knee replacement surgery is typically considered when knee pain, stiffness, or instability significantly limits your everyday life and has not responded to other treatments.

You may be a candidate for surgery if:

Osteoarthritis has progressed to the point where the cartilage is severely worn, resulting in bone-on-bone contact.
Non-surgical options such as physiotherapy, medications, or injections have not provided lasting relief.
Knee pain interferes with routine activities, including walking, climbing stairs, or sleeping.
Your mobility is declining, and you’re becoming increasingly dependent on walking aids.
X-rays or imaging show advanced joint damage that correlates with your symptoms.

Before recommending surgery, Dr Hockings will assess your overall health, joint function, and imaging results. Total knee replacement is not always the first step in treatment, but it may be an appropriate option when symptoms are persistent, progressive, and significantly affect your quality of life.

Which surgical techniques does Dr Hockings use for total knee replacement?

Choosing to undergo total knee replacement surgery is a major decision. Understanding the surgical techniques available can help you feel more informed and confident in your care. Dr Jason Hockings tailors each procedure to your specific anatomy, goals, and mobility needs, using a combination of well-established and advanced surgical techniques.

Traditional total knee replacement

This is the most widely used and time-tested approach to knee replacement. During the procedure, the damaged cartilage and bone surfaces of the knee are carefully removed and replaced with prosthetic components designed to mimic natural joint movement. Traditional techniques have a strong track record for improving pain and function, particularly in cases of severe arthritis or joint damage.

Minimally invasive total knee replacement

Minimally invasive techniques use smaller incisions and aim to reduce trauma to surrounding muscles and soft tissues. For eligible patients, this may result in:

Dr Hockings may consider a minimally invasive approach depending on your body type, joint condition, and overall health.

Alignment techniques in knee replacement surgery

The way your knee is aligned during surgery plays a significant role in how it will feel and function after recovery. Dr Hockings selects the most suitable alignment method based on your individual knee anatomy.

Advanced surgical technologies used by Dr Hockings

Dr Hockings incorporates several innovative tools and techniques designed to improve precision and personalise each knee replacement:

Subvastus approach: Instead of cutting through the quadriceps tendon, this muscle-sparing technique accesses the joint by gently moving the muscles aside.

This may allow for:

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI): Using detailed 3D images from your pre-operative CT scan, custom cutting guides are created specifically for your anatomy.

This supports:

Augmented reality-assisted surgery (NextAR): Dr Hockings uses augmented reality (AR) technology to visualise the joint in real time during surgery.

This system allows for:

Robotic-assisted techniques (when appropriate): In selected cases, robotic technology may be used to assist with bone preparation and implant alignment. While not necessary for every case, robotics can offer added accuracy in certain anatomical situations or revision procedures.

What types of prosthetic implants are used in total knee replacement?

During total knee replacement surgery, damaged joint surfaces are removed and replaced with artificial components designed to replicate the natural function of your knee. Dr Jason Hockings uses advanced implant designs and materials that aim to provide long-lasting durability, stability, and comfort tailored to your unique anatomy and activity level.

Prosthetic Components

A total knee replacement typically involves three main components:

FEMORAL COMPONENT

A metal cap that covers the end of the thigh bone (femur). This part is shaped to allow smooth bending and flexing of the knee.

TIBIAL COMPONENT

A metal baseplate that sits on the top of the shin bone (tibia), often with a polyethylene (plastic) insert that serves as the new weight-bearing surface.

PATELLAR COMPONENT

(Optional)

A plastic button that may be attached to the underside of the kneecap (patella), depending on the degree of wear and the condition of your natural cartilage.

IMPLANT DESIGNS

Dr Hockings primarily uses a medial pivot implant, (Sphere Knee). This design differs from traditional implants by mimicking the knee’s natural movement more closely. The medial pivot allows the inner (medial) side of the knee to act as a stable pivot point, while the outer (lateral) side moves more freely, similar to how a healthy knee works.

Benefits of the Sphere Knee implant design include:

IMPLANT MATERIALS

The components used in knee replacement are made from high-quality, biocompatible materials, including:

All materials used are carefully selected to reduce the risk of allergic reaction, corrosion, or mechanical failure.

IMPLANT FIXATION METHODS

Dr Hockings most commonly uses cementless (press-fit) fixation, where the implant is designed to encourage natural bone growth into the surface of the component. This biological fixation method may offer long-term durability and is well-suited to patients with good bone quality. In some cases, cemented fixation may be used, especially if bone quality is lower or if other clinical factors suggest it would be more appropriate. Cemented implants are bonded to the bone using a special surgical cement, allowing immediate fixation.

Tailored selection for each patient

The choice of implant design, materials, and fixation method is made following a detailed evaluation of your knee anatomy, lifestyle, activity level, and bone quality. During pre-operative planning, Dr Hockings uses 3D imaging and patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) to determine the most appropriate components for your individual needs. This customised approach helps ensure that your knee replacement not only fits well and functions naturally but also supports a smooth and confident return to your daily life.

The Process

Your patient specific, kinematically aligned total knee replacement journey with Dr Jason Hockings: step by step

If you and Dr Jason Hockings decide that total knee replacement surgery is the right path for you, it’s natural to wonder what the journey will involve. This step-by-step guide explains exactly what to expect from your first appointment, through surgery, and into recovery using Dr Hockings’ advanced, patient-specific, kinematically aligned approach.

Step 1

1. GP referral and consultation

250716 drjasonhockings 2m9a0030 (1)
Your journey begins with a referral from your GP or another medical specialist. This is required to book your first appointment with Dr Hockings and ensures you receive the appropriate Medicare rebate.

During your initial consultation, Dr Hockings will:

Review your medical history, symptoms, and how your knee is affecting daily life
Examine your knee’s movement, strength, and alignment
Review any previous imaging, such as X-rays
Discuss your treatment options and whether surgery is appropriate

If total knee replacement is recommended, Dr Hockings will review the procedure with you, including the risks, benefits, and expected recovery. Once you’re confident and informed, you’ll sign a consent form. You’ll also receive advice on preparing your home and organising any support you may need after surgery.

Step 2

2. Pre-operative planning with a CT scan and 3D mapping

250716 drjasonhockings 2m9a1123 After your initial consultation, you’ll receive a referral for a CT scan of your entire leg, from hip to ankle. This detailed scan captures the precise structure of your bones and joints and is used to create a highly accurate 3D digital model of your knee.

This 3D model becomes the foundation for your personalised surgical plan, and with the support of advanced software, Dr Hockings can, prior to your surgery:

Assess your natural knee alignment, bone contours, and areas of joint wear
Apply kinematic alignment principles to plan implant positioning that closely reflects the movement of your original, pre-arthritic knee
Develop a customised surgical strategy tailored to your individual anatomy and biomechanics

Once Dr Hockings has finalised the plan, the data is securely transferred to a specialist manufacturing facility in Switzerland, where your patient-specific instruments (PSI) are created. These 3D-printed surgical cutting guides are designed to fit your knee precisely, then sterilised and delivered to the hospital in time for your operation.

Step 3

3. Surgical preparation and pre-operative steps

250716 drjasonhockings 2m9a1018 In the weeks leading up to surgery, you’ll receive support from Dr Hockings’ team to prepare, including:

Hospital admission paperwork
Education about fasting instructions and medications
Prehabilitation physiotherapy (where appropriate)
Information about home preparation and mobility aids

Step 4

4. Anaesthesia consultation

250716 drjasonhockings 2m9a0646 (3) Before your procedure, you’ll have a pre-operative consultation with the anaesthetic team, usually conducted over the phone. During this conversation, the anaesthetist will review your medical history, current medications, and any previous experiences with anaesthesia. This is an important step in ensuring your safety and comfort during surgery. Together, you’ll discuss the two main types of anaesthesia used in knee replacement surgery; spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia and determine which is most appropriate for you:

Spinal anaesthesia involves injecting anaesthetic near the spinal cord to numb the lower half of your body. You may remain awake or be lightly sedated during the procedure. This option is commonly used and is often associated with fewer side effects, faster recovery from anaesthesia, and lower risk of complications such as nausea.
General anaesthesia involves putting you into a temporary state of controlled unconsciousness. It may be recommended in specific situations or based on personal preference, underlying medical conditions, or surgical requirements.

The anaesthetist will explain the risks and benefits of each option and answer any questions you may have. Their goal is to create a personalised anaesthetic plan that prioritises your comfort, supports a smooth surgical experience, and promotes a safe recovery.

Step 5.

5. The surgical procedure: What happens in the operating theatre

250716 drjasonhockings 2m9a0952 Your total knee replacement procedure is a carefully planned and highly technical operation designed to relieve pain, improve movement, and restore confidence in your daily activities. Here’s what to expect during the surgery itself.

Anaesthesia and surgical preparation

On arrival at the operating theatre, you will be greeted by the anaesthetic team. Your anaesthetist will review your medical history and ensure that your chosen anaesthesia method is safely administered. You will receive either:

Spinal anaesthesia with light sedation, which numbs the lower half of your body while keeping you relaxed but awake, or
General anaesthesia, where you’ll be fully asleep throughout the procedure.

The decision is made based on your medical history, preferences, and any discussion during your pre-operative anaesthesia consultation.

Once anaesthesia takes effect, your surgical leg will be carefully positioned to optimise access and precision. The skin will be cleaned thoroughly with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection, and sterile drapes will be applied to maintain a clean surgical field.

Surgical incision using the Subvastus Approach

Dr Hockings performs most knee replacements using the Subvastus Approach. Unlike traditional techniques that cut through the quadriceps tendon, the subvastus approach gently lifts the muscle to access the joint beneath it. This minimally invasive, muscle-sparing technique offers several potential benefits:

Preserves important muscle strength
May reduce post-operative pain
Can support faster early-stage recovery and mobility

An incision is made along the front of your knee, carefully sized and positioned to allow optimal access to the joint while preserving surrounding tissues.

Exposure and assessment of the joint

With the knee joint now exposed, Dr Hockings will assess the extent of joint damage and confirm key measurements. He examines the worn cartilage, checks bone surfaces, and confirms the alignment and motion of the joint. At this stage, Patient-Specific Instrumentation (PSI) the custom-made cutting guides created from your CT scan are positioned on the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone). These guides allow precise bone cuts that match your 3D surgical plan and intended kinematic alignment.

Specialised callipers and measuring devices may also be used to:

Confirm the thickness of bone to be removed
Recreate your natural joint height and angles
Ensure correct rotation and alignment

This step is critical to achieving a well-balanced, anatomically accurate reconstruction of your knee.

Bone preparation and use of MyKnee PSI

Using the MyKnee PSI guides, Dr Hockings removes the damaged bone and cartilage surfaces in a way that matches your unique anatomy. This allows:

Accurate placement of the implant components
Preservation of natural joint motion
Minimal disruption to surrounding ligaments and soft tissues

The goal is to restore the natural movement and feeling of your knee, using a kinematically aligned approach rather than forcing the joint into a generic position.

Trial implants and soft tissue balancing

Before the final implants are inserted, trial components are placed onto the prepared bone surfaces. These temporary pieces allow Dr Hockings to assess:

The balance and tension of surrounding ligaments
The movement and stability of your knee throughout its range of motion
The alignment and fit of the components

If adjustments are needed, they are made at this stage to ensure the final implants provide a smooth, stable, and functional result.

Insertion of the final implants

Once satisfied with the balance and alignment, Dr Hockings will implant the final components:

A metal femoral component that caps the end of the thigh bone
A tibial baseplate and polyethylene insert that recreate the surface of your shin bone
A patellar button may be added to resurface the back of your kneecap, depending on your condition

Dr Hockings predominantly uses cementless (press-fit) fixation techniques, which are designed to allow your natural bone to grow into the surface of the implants over time. This approach is often preferred in patients with good bone quality and may offer advantages in long-term durability and biological integration. In certain cases, such as patients with softer bone or revision surgery, bone cement may be used to help secure one or more components. The choice of fixation method is based on your individual anatomy, bone strength, and overall surgical plan.

Advanced surgical technology, such as Augmented Reality (NextAR) or Robotic-Assisted techniques, may also be used in select cases. These tools enhance real-time visualisation and accuracy during implant positioning, supporting precise alignment and potentially improving long-term outcomes. Dr Hockings will determine whether these technologies are appropriate for your specific case during the planning phase.

Closing the incision

Once the final implants are secured and joint function is confirmed, the surgical area is irrigated and checked for stability. The incision is then closed in layers:

Internal tissues are closed using dissolvable sutures
The skin is closed with dissolvable sutures or surgical glue
A sterile dressing is applied to protect the wound

You’ll then be transferred to the recovery unit, where your vital signs will be monitored and your post-operative journey will begin.

Step 6.

7. Hospital stay and immediate recovery

Radiofrequency Ablation for knee pain Once your surgery is complete, you’ll be monitored in a recovery area while the effects of anaesthesia wear off. You may experience some pain or swelling, but this will be carefully managed using medications and other strategies to keep you as comfortable as possible.

Getting out of bed and walking, with assistance, usually begins within 24 hours of surgery as moving early helps reduce the risk of complications such as blood clots and stiffness. You’ll be encouraged to wear your own clothes soon after surgery, an important step in regaining mobility and confidence.

This step-by-step process is designed to deliver a personalised, precise, and thoughtful surgical experience, restoring function, comfort, and quality of life through advanced knee replacement care.

Your patient specific, kinematically aligned total knee replacement journey with Dr Jason Hockings: step by step

During your initial consultation, Dr Hockings will:

This 3D model becomes the foundation for your personalised surgical plan, and with the support of advanced software, Dr Hockings can, prior to your surgery:

Assess your natural knee alignment, bone contours, and areas of joint wear
Apply kinematic alignment principles to plan implant positioning that closely reflects the movement of your original, pre-arthritic knee
Develop a customised surgical strategy tailored to your individual anatomy and biomechanics

Using PSI helps achieve a high level of surgical accuracy, supporting the preservation of your natural joint motion and contributing to a smoother, more confident recovery.

In the weeks leading up to surgery, you’ll receive support from Dr Hockings’ team to prepare, including:

Before your procedure, you’ll have a pre-operative consultation with the anaesthetic team, usually conducted over the phone. During this conversation, the anaesthetist will review your medical history, current medications, and any previous experiences with anaesthesia. This is an important step in ensuring your safety and comfort during surgery. Together, you’ll discuss the two main types of anaesthesia used in knee replacement surgery; spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia and determine which is most appropriate for you:

Spinal anaesthesia involves injecting anaesthetic near the spinal cord to numb the lower half of your body. You may remain awake or be lightly sedated during the procedure. This option is commonly used and is often associated with fewer side effects, faster recovery from anaesthesia, and lower risk of complications such as nausea.
General anaesthesia involves putting you into a temporary state of controlled unconsciousness. It may be recommended in specific situations or based on personal preference, underlying medical conditions, or surgical requirements.

You will receive a phone call from the hospital’s triage or admissions team one to two days before your procedure. They will confirm your admission time, talk you through any last-minute instructions, and answer any final questions you may have.

On the day of surgery, you will arrive at the hospital a few hours before your scheduled procedure. After check-in, you’ll be guided to the pre-operative area, where a nurse will assist you in preparing for surgery.

This typically includes:

You will also meet with your anaesthetic team, who will perform final safety checks and ensure everything is in place before you are transferred to the operating theatre. It’s completely natural to feel a little anxious, but please know that every member of our team is focused on keeping you safe, comfortable, and well-supported throughout the process.

Anaesthesia and surgical preparation

The decision is made based on your medical history, preferences, and any discussion during your pre-operative anaesthesia consultation.

Surgical incision using the Subvastus Approach

Hockings performs most knee replacements using the Subvastus Approach. Unlike traditional techniques that cut through the quadriceps tendon, the subvastus approach gently lifts the muscle to access the joint beneath it. This minimally invasive, muscle-sparing technique offers several potential benefits:

An incision is made along the front of your knee, carefully sized and positioned to allow optimal access to the joint while preserving surrounding tissues.

Exposure and assessment of the joint

Specialised callipers and measuring devices may also be used to:

This step is critical to achieving a well-balanced, anatomically accurate reconstruction of your knee.

Bone preparation and use of MyKnee PSI

Using the MyKnee PSI guides, Dr Hockings removes the damaged bone and cartilage surfaces in a way that matches your unique anatomy. This allows:

The goal is to restore the natural movement and feeling of your knee, using a kinematically aligned approach rather than forcing the joint into a generic position.

Trial implants and soft tissue balancing

Before the final implants are inserted, trial components are placed onto the prepared bone surfaces. These temporary pieces allow Dr Hockings to assess:

If adjustments are needed, they are made at this stage to ensure the final implants provide a smooth, stable, and functional result.

Insertion of the final implants

Once satisfied with the balance and alignment, Dr Hockings will implant the final components:

Closing the incision

Once the final implants are secured and joint function is confirmed, the surgical area is irrigated and checked for stability. The incision is then closed in layers:

You’ll then be transferred to the recovery unit, where your vital signs will be monitored and your post-operative journey will begin.

Once your surgery is complete, you’ll be monitored in a recovery area while the effects of anaesthesia wear off. You may experience some pain or swelling, but this will be carefully managed using medications and other strategies to keep you as comfortable as possible.

This step-by-step process is designed to deliver a personalised, precise, and thoughtful surgical experience, restoring function, comfort, and quality of life through advanced knee replacement care.

What to expect during your hospital stay and recovery after knee replacement

Recovering from total knee replacement is a gradual process that unfolds over weeks and months. While the surgery itself is an important milestone, the key to long-term success lies in the recovery and rehabilitation that follow. With guidance from Dr Hockings and his team, you’ll receive a personalised care plan to help you regain mobility, reduce pain, and rebuild strength safely and confidently.

Immediately after surgery: Your hospital stay (Days 1–3)

Most patients stay in hospital for 1 to 3 days following surgery. During this time, you’ll begin the early phases of recovery with close support from your surgical and physiotherapy team.

What to expect in hospital:

Pain management: You’ll receive prescription medications and other pain relief strategies such as ice packs and leg elevation.
Early movement: Within 24 hours of surgery, you’ll start gentle exercises and assisted walking to improve circulation, prevent stiffness, and reduce the risk of complications.
Physiotherapy: Hospital-based physiotherapists will begin working with you to guide early mobilisation and ensure you’re safe to return home.

Preparing for discharge: Safe transition to home

Before you leave hospital, Dr Hockings’ team will ensure you’re ready for the next phase of recovery. You’ll be given personalised instructions and support, including:

How to manage swelling: Continue using ice packs and elevating your leg several times a day.
Wound care: Keep the incision site clean and dry. You’ll be given instructions on dressing changes and what signs to look out for.
Home setup: Create a safe and accessible space. Remove trip hazards like rugs and cords and keep frequently used items within easy reach.
Walking aids: You’ll likely go home using crutches or a walker to support your mobility.

Week 1–2: Early home recovery

This is a critical period for healing and regaining independence. It’s normal to feel tired and experience discomfort, but with steady progress, your confidence will grow.

Key milestones:

Begin a regular routine of short, assisted walks throughout your home.
Start basic range-of-motion exercises as instructed by your physiotherapist.
Manage pain using your prescribed medications, transitioning to over-the-counter options as needed.
Attend your first post-operative follow-up with Dr Hockings to check your incision, range of motion, and overall progress.

Weeks 3–6: Building strength and movement

This phase focuses on restoring joint flexibility and improving the strength of muscles that support your knee.

Your physiotherapy goals:

Increase knee bending and straightening (aiming for 90 degrees or more of flexion by week 6).
Strengthen your quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes through targeted exercises.
Gradually reduce reliance on crutches or walking aids.
Resume light household activities as tolerated.

Some patients may be cleared to return to driving or return to work, especially if your job is desk-based at around week 4 to 6, depending on your progress and which leg was operated on.

Months 2–3: Regaining independence

By this stage, your mobility should be improving significantly, and you may start feeling more confident moving around your home and community.

What to expect:

Most patients walk independently without crutches.
Your physiotherapy will evolve to include balance training, stair navigation, and more challenging exercises.
You may begin low-impact activities such as swimming or using a stationary bike.
Pain levels typically decrease substantially, and swelling continues to resolve.

Months 4–6: Returning to normal activities

This is the point where many patients begin to experience the full benefits of surgery, improved movement, reduced pain, and increased participation in everyday life.

Milestones to expect:

Month 12 and beyond: Full recovery

While you may feel “recovered” earlier, complete healing from total knee replacement often takes up to 12 months. By this time, most patients have minimal pain, good range of motion, and a stable, strong joint.

Ongoing care:

Staying on track: Your long-term recovery plan

Follow-up care

Dr Hockings will review your progress at key intervals and address any concerns you may have. X-rays or check-ups may be recommended in the years ahead to monitor the implant.

Protecting your new joint

Engage in activities that strengthen your legs and protect your knee over time. Stick to exercises that are joint-friendly and avoid unnecessary strain.

Realistic expectations

Total knee replacement may not restore your knee to how it felt in your 20s, but it can significantly improve your quality of life, reduce chronic pain, and help you return to the activities that matter most.

With a well-supported recovery plan and your active participation in rehabilitation, you’ll be on track to regain freedom of movement and achieve long-lasting benefits from your knee replacement. Dr Hockings and his team are here to support your journey, every step of the way.

What are the risks and possible complications of total knee replacement?

While total knee replacement is a common and generally safe procedure, like all surgeries, it carries certain risks. Understanding these risks can help you make an informed decision and recognise any signs that may require further attention during your recovery. Dr Hockings will discuss these potential risks with you during your consultation and take every precaution to minimise them.

Common surgical risks

Some risks are common to many types of orthopaedic surgery and are generally low, especially when performed by experienced surgeons in well-equipped hospitals:

Infection

This can occur in the wound or deep around the implant. Antibiotics are routinely given before and after surgery to reduce this risk.

Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis or DVT)

These can form in the leg after surgery. Preventative measures include early mobilisation, compression stockings, and blood-thinning medication.

Bleeding or haematoma

Some bleeding is normal, but occasionally a collection of blood may form around the joint, requiring further management.

Pain or stiffness

ome patients may experience persistent pain, limited range of motion, or stiffness despite a successful procedure. Rehabilitation is key to reducing these risks.

Delayed wound healing

Some wounds may take longer to heal due to factors such as diabetes, smoking, or poor circulation.

Risks specific to total knee replacement

Some risks are common to many types of orthopaedic surgery and are generally low, especially when performed by experienced surgeons in well-equipped hospitals:

Implant loosening or wear over time

While implants are designed to be long-lasting, they may eventually loosen or wear, especially with high-impact activity or heavy use.

Joint instability or misalignment

In rare cases, the knee may feel unstable or misaligned. This can sometimes be corrected with physiotherapy or, in some cases, revision surgery.

Nerve or blood vessel injury

While rare, nerves or blood vessels near the knee may be injured during surgery, which may result in temporary or permanent numbness or weakness.

Kneecap complications

Some patients may experience issues related to the patella (kneecap), including discomfort, dislocation, or fracture. In some cases, the patella is resurfaced during surgery to reduce this risk.

Allergic reaction to implant materials

Very rarely, patients may have a reaction to metal components. This is typically managed through thorough pre-operative screening.

Minimising your risk

Dr Jason Hockings takes a highly individualised and technology-enhanced approach to knee replacement surgery, with a strong focus on reducing complications and supporting a safe, effective recovery. Several key strategies are used throughout your care journey to help minimise risk:

Comprehensive pre-operative screening

Before surgery, Dr Hockings will assess your overall health, medical history, and any risk factors (such as heart conditions, diabetes, or obesity). This helps ensure that any concerns are identified and managed early, optimising your readiness for surgery.

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI)

Using 3D imaging and CT-based planning, Dr Hockings uses custom-made surgical guides tailored to your unique anatomy. These guides support greater precision and consistency during surgery, which may help reduce complications and improve implant positioning.

Minimally invasive subvastus surgical approach

Dr Hockings typically uses the subvastus approach, which spares the quadriceps tendon by accessing the knee joint beneath the muscle. This technique helps preserve muscle strength, reduce pain, and promote faster early mobility.

Single-use efficiency surgical instruments

To reduce the risk of infection and improve surgical workflow, Dr Hockings uses high-quality single-use disposable instruments. These pre-sterilised, individually packaged tools ensure cleanliness and consistency, while avoiding issues related to reprocessing reusable equipment.

Ongoing post-operative monitoring

After surgery, your recovery is closely monitored during your hospital stay and through scheduled follow-up appointments. Dr Hockings and his team will check wound healing, joint movement, and pain levels to detect and address any issues early.

Together, these steps reflect Dr Hockings’ commitment to patient safety, surgical accuracy, and high-quality care, helping to ensure the best possible outcome from your knee replacement surgery.

When to seek medical attention

While some swelling, bruising, and discomfort are normal, you should contact Dr Hockings or your GP promptly if you experience:

Increased pain, redness, or swelling at the surgical site
A sudden fever or chills
Wound leakage or foul-smelling discharge
Calf pain, warmth, or tenderness (possible signs of DVT)
Chest pain or shortness of breath (seek urgent medical help)

A final note on risk and recovery

very surgery carries risk, but the majority of patients undergoing total knee replacement experience significant improvements in mobility, pain reduction, and overall quality of life. Dr Hockings and his team are committed to guiding you through every stage of the process, with careful planning and expert care to reduce complications and support a smooth recovery.

How much does total knee replacement surgery cost in Australia?

The cost of total knee replacement surgery in Australia depends on several factors, including whether you hold private health insurance, are self-funding, or are accessing care through the public system. Below is a summary of what you can expect in each setting.

Public system process:

Referral and triage: Your GP sends a referral, which is triaged for urgency (knee arthritis is often categorised as lower priority).
Wait times: Initial specialist consultations and surgery can involve delays ranging from several months to a few years.
Surgeon choice: You may not be able to choose your surgeon, and follow-up may be shared among a team.
Discuss your treatment options and whether surgery is appropriate

Additional costs to consider: While the surgery itself is covered, you may still need to pay for:

What does your private hospital insurance cover?

Most of your hospital, theatre fees & implants will typically be covered by your insurer, provided your policy includes joint replacement and you have served any applicable waiting periods.

Your level of cover matters:

To be covered for joint replacement surgery, Silver Hospital Cover or higher is generally required. Most Silver, Silver Plus, and Gold policies include joint replacement under their list of covered procedure.

Out-of-pocket costs

While the hospital stay may be mostly covered by your insurer, there may still be gap payments (out-of-pocket costs) for:

Surgeons across Australia are free to set their own fees, which can vary widely. Dr Hockings chooses to align his fees with the Australian Medical Association (AMA) schedule, a nationally recognised guide to fair medical fees that adjusts for inflation. For a typical total knee replacement, the out-of-pocket (gap) fee for surgery with Dr Hockings is usually just over $3,000. This represents excellent value compared to many other surgeons, who may charge $5,000 or more for similar procedures.

Dr Hockings is committed to making high-quality orthopaedic care accessible and transparently priced. His clear, upfront cost structure ensures you understand what to expect, with no hidden fees or surprises.

Private hospital (self-funded patients)
If you don’t have private health insurance, you can still choose to have your knee replacement surgery with Dr Hockings as a self-funded patient. Many patients who are not privately insured choose to self-fund surgery with Dr Hockings to avoid extended delays in the public system. This option allows you to receive timely care from a highly trained surgeon in a private hospital setting, without needing private health cover.

Total cost range: $25,000 – $35,000 AUD (all-inclusive).

This includes:

Additional costs to consider:

Unexpected costs related to extended hospital stay or complications – While rare, if your recovery requires a longer hospital stay or additional procedures, this may result in extra fees. These situations are uncommon, but it’s helpful to be aware and plan ahead. The hospital will advise you in advance if this becomes relevant.

Dr Hockings’ team will help guide you through the financial process and provide a personalised cost breakdown based on your situation. If you’re unsure whether your private health fund covers joint replacement surgery, we encourage you to contact your insurer before your consultation. Transparent information and support will be provided every step of the way so you can feel informed and confident in making financial decisions related to your care.

Why choose Dr Jason Hockings for your knee replacement surgery?

a highly qualified orthopaedic surgeon with extensive experience in treating knee arthritis and performing advanced knee replacement procedures using evidence-based, modern techniques.

Here’s what sets Dr Hockings apart:

Patient-specific, kinematic alignment approach

Dr Hockings uses cutting-edge surgical planning technology, including 3D CT-based mapping and Patient-Specific Instrumentation (PSI), to perform kinematically aligned total knee replacements. This personalised technique aims to replicate your natural joint motion and biomechanics, which may support a more natural-feeling knee and improved function.

Minimally invasive subvastus approach

Where appropriate, Dr Hockings uses a muscle-sparing surgical technique that avoids cutting the quadriceps tendon. This subvastus approach is designed to preserve strength and may assist with a smoother, faster recovery.

Advanced surgical technologies

For select cases, Dr Hockings incorporates innovative tools such as Augmented Reality (NextAR) and Robotic-Assisted techniques to improve surgical accuracy and support optimal implant positioning.

Comprehensive, patient-centred care

You’ll receive clear explanations, thorough preparation, and compassionate support at every stage of your journey, from your first consultation to your final recovery milestone.

Trusted across Melbourne and Albury

Dr Hockings consults at several convenient locations throughout Victoria and New South Wales, including:

Richmond Rooms – 21 Erin St, Richmond, VIC 3121
Box Hill Rooms – Suite 10.6, Epworth Eastern, 25 Nelson Rd, Box Hill, VIC 3128
Mount Waverley Rooms – Waverley Private Consulting Suites, 343 Blackburn Rd, Mount Waverley, VIC 3149
Albury Rooms – Ramsay Specialist Suites, 13 Yalandra Court, West Albury, NSW 2640

These locations ensure you can access high-quality orthopaedic care close to home, whether you’re based in Melbourne or the Albury-Wodonga region.

Commitment to long-term outcomes

Dr Hockings is dedicated to helping you return to the activities you enjoy with less pain and greater confidence. He focuses not just on the surgical procedure, but on your long-term mobility, function, and satisfaction.

Frequently asked questions about total knee replacement surgery

How do I know if I need a total knee replacement?

If you’re experiencing persistent knee pain, stiffness, swelling, or difficulty walking that hasn’t improved with physiotherapy, medications, or injections, you may be a candidate for knee replacement surgery. A referral to Dr Hockings from your GP can help begin the assessment process.

What is kinematic alignment in knee replacement surgery?

Kinematic alignment is a technique that aims to restore your knee to its original, pre-arthritic alignment and motion, rather than forcing it into a standard mechanical position. This approach may improve how natural the new joint feels and functions.

What is patient-specific instrumentation (PSI)?

PSI involves creating custom-made 3D-printed surgical guides based on a CT scan of your leg. These guides are designed to match your unique knee anatomy and are used during surgery to help position the implants with high precision.

How long will I stay in hospital after surgery?

Most patients stay in hospital for 1 to 2 nights after total knee replacement surgery. You’ll begin physiotherapy while in hospital and receive a plan for ongoing care before you go home.

When can I walk again after surgery?

You’ll usually begin walking (with assistance) on the same day or the morning after surgery. Walking aids such as crutches or a frame are used initially and gradually phased out as your strength and balance improve.

How long does it take to recover from a knee replacement?

Recovery varies from person to person, but most patients can expect to return to light activities within 4 to 6 weeks and resume lower-impact activities like swimming or cycling by 3 to 6 months. Full recovery may take up to 12 months.

Will I be able to drive after surgery?

Most patients can return to driving between 4 and 6 weeks after surgery, depending on which leg was operated on, your progress, and whether you feel confident and safe to drive.

How long does a knee replacement last?

Modern knee implants can last 15 to 20 years or more, especially when well-aligned and cared for. Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding high-impact activities can help extend the life of your implant.

What are the risks of knee replacement surgery?

All surgery carries some risk. Potential complications include infection, blood clots, stiffness, or prosthesis-related issues. Dr Hockings will explain the risks in detail and take steps to minimise them as part of your surgical planning.

Can I have knee replacement surgery if I don’t have private health insurance?

Yes, surgery can be self-funded at a private hospital. Dr Hockings’ team can provide an Informed Financial Consent outlining all associated costs and options, so you can make an informed decision.

During your consultation, Dr Hockings will explain the most appropriate surgical approach based on your condition, anatomy, and individual needs. Many people experience a significant improvement in pain, function, and mobility following hip replacement surgery. Recovery timelines vary depending on the surgical approach and your overall health, but most patients gradually return to walking, driving, and normal activities over the course of several weeks to months.

If you’re experiencing ongoing pain, stiffness, or reduced movement that is affecting your daily activities or quality of life, a thorough orthopaedic assessment can help determine the cause and guide the most appropriate treatment options for your situation.

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